Crocodile Physics Essays - Electromagnetic Radiation,

Crocodile Physics Crocodile Physics Crocodile Physics resembles a very much supplied material science lab where you can investigation to your heart's substance. Covering numerous schedule themes, here is the equipment leveled for the little screen. There are masses, streetcars, focal points and electronic parts to amass, test and take estimations with. You can swing pendulums, change gravity, change edge of slopes to find out about powers. Superb are the optics apparatuses which let you split light into its hues with a crystal and perceive how fiber optics transmit light. A area on eye abandons, where you increment the central length of a scene focal point and see what that never really light beams will make a magnificent instructing device. In spite of the fact that it comes with worksheets, those with extra time can utilize it to make amazing intelligent instructional exercises. Crocodile Physics has been created from Crocodile Clips 3, the acclaimed Secondary School Physics test system utilized in more than 35 nations and suggested by governments around the world. It's a test system for Middle and High school and school material science courses. Crocodile Physics incorporates an incredible optics test system, with a scope of segments including focal points, crystals, mirrors and light sources.You can set the frequency of the light being produced from your source, and pick equal shafts, wandering shafts or beams. You can likewise set the components of the source. Crocodile Physics contains a full scope of electrical segments. Each school branch of knowledge is secured: from the essential batteries, bulbs and switches - which are too given in pictorial structure, to help comprehension of the main standards - to further developed rationale doors, incorporated circuits and semiconductors. An immense part library gives you the opportunity to try such that suits your educating, and permits intrigued understudies to investigate the subject all the more profoundly. One of the key highlights which marks Crocodile Physics out from other instructing programming is the Coordinated Multimedia Editor. This permits you to modify our exercises to suit your necessities, or to compose your own without any preparation. The recreation is numerically exact, permitting you to test plans and investigate the laws of Physics. Most part esteems can be changed voluntarily. Crocodile Material science comes total with more than 100 intelligent on-screen exercises, covering a scope of subjects in power, hardware, optics, mechanics, elements and sound. They consolidate full recreation with data, questions and replies. It's anything but difficult to incorporate them into List of sources Not accessible

Influence of US Marcellus Shale exploration & production on Russian Thesis Proposal

Impact of US Marcellus Shale investigation and creation on Russian LNG trade in Shtokman_proposal - Thesis Proposal Example The expanding supplies of shale gas in the US have considerably decreased US requirements for Russian condensed petroleum gas (LNG), and this move popular has brought about a few geopolitical ramifications. This paper will look at the impacts of US Marcellus Shale investigation and creation on Russian LNG send out in the Shtokman territory of Russia. Russian is among the world’s biggest characteristic exporter. The Shtokman fields are probably the biggest gas fields holding more than 3.8 trillion cubic meters of flammable gas, just as marginally in excess of 37 million tons of condensate gas (Barker 1). The Shtokman field, found by Soviet geophysicist Vladimir Shtokman in 1988, has not been investigated because of the outrageous climatic conditions in the Artic, just as the profundity of the ocean as it fluctuates from 1,050 to 1,120 feet. Russians researchers additionally caution that the advancement of Shtokman field will experience issues as a worldwide temperature alteration sets free ice sheets into the Arctic. So as to counter this test, the Shtokman Development Company will use coasting removable stages that can without much of a stretch be evacuated in crisis circumstances. Information about the presence of shale gas in the US isn't new as geologists have known about the presence of shale arrangements for a serious long time. The chief obstacle has, nonetheless, been the issues of expenses and innovation. These have lessened in the course of the most recent decade by the approach of new innovations that yield significant cost decreases, henceforth making shale gas creation i n the US a reality. The net creation of shale gas in the US has expanded from a low sum in 2000 to in excess of 10 billion cubic feet every day in 2010. These figures will fourfold constantly 2040 and meet the prerequisites of gaseous petrol in the US. It is foremost to take note of that without the limitations of government approaches, as noted in different powers, for example, coal, gaseous petrol will assume a noteworthy job in the US vitality advertise, just as the whole

Is Your Anxiety Caused by Panic Disorder

Is Your Anxiety Caused by Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Symptoms Print Is Your Anxiety Caused by Panic Disorder? By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Updated on August 10, 2019 SensorSpot / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions Most people feel a certain amount of stress and anxiety in their lives. This isn’t necessarily a bad thing. In many situations, feeling a certain level of stress and anxiety can actually help boost your performance in specific contexts. For example, a person may experience a level of anxiety the days leading up to a public speech, marriage, or another big life event. In many situations, a bit of stress and worry can be expected and is considered a perfectly normal reaction. When faced with an upcoming project at work, an important event, or even a blind date, most people will encounter a fleeting sense of nervousness and extra tension. However, persistent and strong feelings of nervousness and anxiety may be a much bigger concern. Anxiety and panicky feelings that linger long after a stressor has passed, or which occur without any clear reason, may indicate that you are struggling with an anxiety disorder. Panic Disorder Feeling panicky doesn’t necessarily mean that you have panic disorder. Feelings of panic and anxiety can vary from person to person. In order for these signs to be considered panic attacks, you must experience at least four of the following physical, mental and emotional symptoms: Numbness or tingling sensationsAccelerated heart rateTrembling and shakingChest painExcessive sweatingShortness of breathNausea or abdominal painFeeling dizzy, lightheaded, unsteady or faintDepersonalization and derealizationFear of losing controlChills or hot flushesFear of dying Panic attacks are the main feature of panic disorder. Attacks associated with this condition occur suddenly without any warning or trigger. They arise seemingly from nowhere, typically reaching a peak in the first 10 minutes and then gradually subsiding. Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD is marked by unrelenting anxiety that occurs for no known reason. Symptoms of worry and nervousness persist for six months or longer. Feelings of fatigue and irritability, difficulty concentrating, and sleep problems are all common problems for people living with GAD. Specific Phobias Phobias involve a fear of a certain object, place or situation. The feelings of fear the person experiences is excessiveâ€"beyond how most people would react and greater than any actual threat of harm. Many specific phobias have their own names. For example, the fear of flying is known as aerophobia and the fear of spiders is called arachnophobia. When faced with his phobia, a person may recognize that his fear is irrational. However, he will still display extreme reactions and can even potentially have a panic attack. Social Anxiety Disorder SAD involves a fear of being judged by others in social situations. In particular, the person believes he is being negatively evaluated by others. Thinking about being perceived poorly by others only makes the person exhibit more uncomfortable behaviors, such as trembling, sweating, shaking, or blushing. People with SAD often stay away from social events or any situations in which the person may be exposed to the scrutiny of others. Agoraphobia Often occurring with panic disorder, agoraphobia entails a fear of having a panic attack in places or situations that the person may find socially embarrassing or challenging to escape from. To save face or to feel more secure, many agoraphobics exhibit avoidance behaviors. Common avoidances include crowded areas, open spaces, and vehicles of transportation. In some extreme cases, the person is so fearful that she becomes homebound with agoraphobia. Discovering Your Diagnosis Seek professional help if you experience ongoing feelings of stress, worry, fear, or anxiety. Only a doctor or qualified mental health specialist can determine an accurate diagnosis. Once diagnosed, your clinician will review your treatment options. Panic Disorder Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Common treatments for anxiety disorders include prescribed medication, psychotherapy  and self-help strategies. Treatment options and results can vary depending on your symptoms, resources, and level of commitment. Through continued treatment and follow-up, people with anxiety disorders can expect to improve their control over their symptoms.

Major Events During Colonization Of The First Two Years...

Chapter Development Please provide the following for three specific time periods: during colonization, for the first two years after chartering and in five to ten years: †¢ Membership goals (recruitment numbers, GPA) †¢ Community interaction and service projects †¢ Campus involvement goals †¢ Programming initiatives (educational/cultural/faculty) †¢ Chapter and alumni board finances †¢ Fundraising efforts †¢ Impact on Greek and Austin Peay State University communities Kappa Kappa Gamma colonies are held to the same expectations and standards as our chapters. Once installed, the chapter will have key milestones related to succession planning and becoming fully operational. More detail will be provided in question five. Membership Goals†¦show more content†¦Additionally, they will identify a local school with whom to work on RIF-related endeavors. no. 3, continued In doing some initial research about the Clarksville, Tennessee, community, there are many wonderful youth-focused organizations that our new chapter could partner with, including the YMCA, the Boys Girls Club, the Clarksville Montgomery County Public Library and the LEAP (Leadership, Enlightenment, Achievement and Perseverance) Organization. In addition to volunteering and fundraising, there are many valuable RIF resources the chapter will make available to our relevant partners to support local literacy efforts. During the first two years after chartering, the Chapter Consultant will work with the chapter to implement service opportunities in the local community and establish an annual Reading Is Key event to benefit children in the Clarksville area. In five to ten years, we expect our chapters to have at least one annual philanthropic event that supports the local community in addition to an ongoing relationship with a local school or agency where members can perform service hours and provide books for children. We know our chapter will consistently be a positive influence in the Clarksville community, the Middle Tennessee region, and beyond. Campus Involvement Goals: We expect our chapter to be active and enthusiastic supporters of the other Greek-letter organizations on the Austin Peay State

Essay about Lets Legalize Gay Marriage - 872 Words

Let’s Legalize Gay Marriage Gay marriage is a right. Heterosexual couples are allowed to enjoy all the marriage benefits, so why shouldn’t same-sex couples be able to? Why should other people be able to choose who marries who? If a man and a woman get married, no one seems to care. Gay marriage should be legal because it’s an issue of equal rights, it would save society money, and it will increase the chances for foster children to be adopted into loving families. Same-sex marriage is an issue of equal rights. All human beings should be treated equally and allowed the same options. So allowing gay couples to wed would promote equality for everyone and break this barrier we have between heterosexuals and homosexuals. Straight couples†¦show more content†¦Since the couple’s combined income would be more, the marriage penalty tax would create more revenue than individually taxing two adults. Every year more and more states are legalizing same sex mar riage because it can boost struggling state economies. So far 17 US states, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington have legalized gay marriage. Basically speaking, more weddings equal more money. There are thousands of foster children who are in need of loving, caring families. Legalizing gay marriage would allow more chances for these children to be adopted. Gays and lesbians makes great parents because they are planned for and truly wanted. There are many heterosexual parents who feel the same way about their children, but homosexual couples don’t have the problems of accidental pregnancies and situations like that. About 4% of the adopted population, about 65,000 live in same-sex households. There are an estimated 523,000 children in foster care in the United States. If gay marriage was legal in every state of the USA, the chances for foster c hildren to be adopted would increase. Children who do have gay parents are more likely to be more open-minded than other children. â€Å"Studies show that children raised by gay and lesbian parents are as emotionally and socially healthy as children of heterosexual parents†(Martin). BringasShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage : A Harmless Change1603 Words   |  7 PagesSame Sex Marriage: A Harmless Change What a great day it is to be writing about same-sex marriages! As of today, June 26th, 2015, same sex marriage is now legal in ALL fifty states. When I first started working on this project, same-sex marriages were not legal nationwide in the United States of America. In fact, it was only legal in a select few of the states. Because same sex-marriages are considered as queer and deviant, it has been a widely controversial issue. This problem, however, hasRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesJust about everyone has an opinion on whether same-sex couples should be allowed to legally marry. The arguments range from personal beliefs to what marriage is said to be in the Bible. Why should a couple be forbidden from showing each other along with family and friends that they are fully committed to each other? What place is it for the government to say that said couple is not allowed to commit to the one who truly makes you happy? Why should these people who are willing to be together forRead MoreLegalize Gay Marriage Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized Just about everyone has an opinion on legally allowing same-sex couples to marry. The arguments range from personal beliefs to what marriage is said to be in the Bible. Why should a couple be forbidden from showing each other along with family and friends that they are fully committed to each other? What place is it for the government to say that said couple is not allowed to commit to the one who truly makes you happy? Why should these people who are willingRead MoreWhy Should We Legalize Gay Marriage?811 Words   |  4 PagesWhy should we legalize gay marriage? Or, in other words, why isnt gay marriage legalized already? Same-sex marriage is just about as humane as opposite-sex marriage. One in ten people are gay. Seems perfectly normal to me. Is it normal to you? And anyway, why dont people like two gays marrying? Lets start out with the facts. The evidence. The nitty-gritty of all this debate. One out of ten people are gay or lesbian. So theres about twenty-eight people in this class, am I right? So thats atRead MoreThe Controversy of Same Sex Marriages Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Controversy of Same Sex Marriages Imagine you have fallen in love with the person of your dreams, and the two of you have discussed it and have decided to get married. Now imagine that the person you wish to marry is of a different race. It wouldnt be a big deal, right? Well, if this situation had occurred about 50 years ago, it would have been a huge deal. Just a generation ago, many states banned mixed marriages. Seems absurd, doesnt it? Discriminating against an individualRead MoreThe Best Argument against Gay Marriage: Glen Lavys889 Words   |  4 PagesThe Best Argument against Gay marriage: Glen Lavy’s â€Å"Gay marriage and the ‘slippery slope’ † Proponents to the legalization of same sex marriage came up with a lot of reasons as why gay marriage should be legal. The major ones are that not allowing same sex people to get married prevents them from getting legal benefits like hospital visitation, health insurance, family leave and more. They also argued that they are fighting for their rights the same way African Americans were fighting back inRead MoreGay Marriage Should Not Be Legal934 Words   |  4 Pages Gay Marriage Should Not Be Legal It’s unfortunate that people have misunderstood the meaning of marriage. Marriage is not just a term to describe relationship that are precious to us, it’s more than just a union of heart and mind; it’s an institution between a man and a woman. Biblically, marriage is a lifetime union of a man and a woman, primarily for the purpose of building a family and providing a stable environment for that family (1 Corinthian 7:2 16) AccordingRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized926 Words   |  4 Pagesthat people have misunderstood the meaning of marriage. Marriage is not just a term to describe relationship that are precious to us, it’s more than just a union of heart and mind; it’s an institution between a man and a women. biblically, marriage is a life time union of a man and a women, primarily for the purpose of building a family and providing a stable environments for that family (1 Corinthian 7:2 16) According to Peter Sprigg, same sex marriage should not be legalized because of its immediateRead MoreWhy Gay Marriage Is Wrong for Georgia 990 Words   |  4 Pagesword of the bible and will furthermore try to emulate as much of this lifestyle as possible. However, going by these belief systems and knowing that Georgia is predominantly a Christian state, gay marriage simply does not fit into our southern lifestyle here in Georgia. Georgians should not support gay marriage in this state because it violates the natural laws of the universe, it violates the word of god and his teachings in the bible, and it robs the children the opportunity to actually have a normalRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Illegal1135 Words   |  5 Pagesare as equivalent as heterosexual couples, so they should be recognized and granted marriage licenses. I see gay marriage as a plague that only brings unpleasant consequences to society. Same sex marriage should be illegal because it alters the definiti on and the purpose of marriage, has negative effects on children, and is incompatible with sacred texts. According to Genesis chapter 1, the definition of marriage is the intimate union and equal partnership of a man and a woman. â€Å"God created man

Sociology and Social Sciences Free Essays

string(123) " be such as to produce â€Å"high need-achievement† directed towards â€Å"clusters of followers† once innovations are made\." The traditional social sciences which have been developed as part of the totality of learning in the West have been brought over to Asia. It is now becoming increasingly evident that the validity of such social sciences, whether in the realm of research theory or of action policy, can no longer be accepted uncritically. An appreciation of what is valid or invalid, applicable or inapplicable, is therefore imperative. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Social Sciences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such analysis is necessary not only as an academic venture; social change is basic to the Asian aspiration for modernization and the need is urgent for such change to be directed towards the achievement of what may well be Asian as distinguished from non-Asian goals. CULTURE The problem is clear and present. The Asian academic world, until now, has been staffed with many scholars whose training has been, for the most part, in Western universities and institutions. At the same time, the political and intellectual leadership in the larger life of its society is held to a significant degree of Western-trained leaders. The orientation of many of these leaders has been conditioned by the predominantly Western culture. Trained to think in Western terms through the medium of Western languages, some are experiencing a reawakening to the reality of their situation. Asian intellectuals are undergoing an agonizing period of soul-searching. Their system of values, developed through years of training in, and broad exposure to, Western philosophies, is being shattered by a realization that these values may not be suitable to the Asian environment. Recently, Professor Ruben Santos-Cuyugan of the University of the Philippines expressed misgivings about the movement towards the unification of all knowledge, including the assumption of â€Å"universal categories of culture† and the universality of value judgment. This movement, according to him, makes the social scientist evade one of his fundamental responsibilities which is â€Å"to examine the ways by which his science and thought, indeed his very perceptions, are rooted in the matrix of his own culture† (Santos-Cuyugan 1967). POLITICS In the meantime, in the realm of politics, the postwar leaders of Asia have discovered that independence has not automatically ushered in the Utopia. Thus, they are not seeking the nature and structure of government that will best meet their needs, the political philosophies their peoples should embrace or adopt, and the policies that will bring about the good society by their indigenous standards and values. A starting point is the fact that with a few exceptions, the developing countries of Asia profess belief in freedom and human rights, the rule of law and constitutional government. These concepts and maxims are manifested in their constitutions. However, in spite of guarantees enshrined in their constitutions, these countries find it difficult to achieve real constitutional democracy. For the constitutions of the West have, in many cases, been transplanted to Asian soil without the historical experience that nurtured them in the West, where they were the products of a long period of evolution and development. Democracy implies mass participation by the people in the political process. But if the people are not sufficiently educated in the processes of democracy, or have not sufficiently imbibed its spirit, how can it flourish? In fact, one wonders whether or not the structure of government of the Philippines, patterned as it is after the outlined in the American Constitution, is not really a hindrance to, rather than an instrument for, national development. In any case, it has become quite clear that Western-style democracy has to be modified so as to satisfy the urgent Asian desire for economic progress and social justice. Liberty, as this term is used in the West, has mainly the negative connotation of freedom from arbitrary restraint. In the Asian setting, it must be given a positive content; governments have to assume a greater responsibility for providing opportunities for the growth and self-realization of citizens. In the same manner, â€Å"justice† has had mainly a political connotation in the West, where it is usually associated with law and social behavior. In Asia, if political justice were not integrally related to economic justice, it would be almost peripheral to the real problems. In so far as Asians are concerned, economic justice is the more relevant concept because it touches the heart of the existing social order. In this sense, it is associated with the eradication of poverty and the alleviation of human suffering. Another qualification should be made. There is so much lip-service to the concept of â€Å"rule of law† in many Asian societies. By this, people are supposed to be guided by certain legal precepts in their social relations. However, in the Philippine experience, despite the fact that most Filipinos are professed and vocal adherents of the â€Å"rule of law.† They do not find difficulty in transgressing legal rules because in the business of everyday living, non-legal rules oftentimes command greater obedience than legal ones, especially when values such as family and kinship ties are involved. This is part of the explanation of such phenomenon as nepotism. Which is certainly frowned upon by the formal laws of society, but which is carried out in practice by almost everyone in political authority. Finally, bureaucracy, as an institution, is in external forms and manifestations similar to its prototype in the West. The same formal methods of recruitment, of organizational charts, of job descriptions, etc. , are utilized. But the ethos that animates Asian bureaucracy is obviously quite different from what animates Western bureaucracy. ECONOMICS The discipline of economics fives many illustrations of the limits of applicability of Western concepts, values and methods. The most evident at the moment is the emergence of new branches of study, such as development economics, and of a more socio-psychological approach to the study of economic systems than Keynesian economics allowed at an earlier period. Thus even in the West, there is a growing recognition (e. g. , Hagen 1962), that if economic growth is to occur, a country’s cultural patterns must be such as to produce â€Å"high need-achievement† directed towards â€Å"clusters of followers† once innovations are made. You read "Sociology and Social Sciences" in category "Papers" In fact, to achieve substantial economic development, it is suggested that the number of individuals with the entrepreneurial-motivational complex, and particularly with high achievement drives, will have to be significantly increased. Again, many Western economists have been laboring under the assumption of conventional analysis that the missing elements in developing societies are modern technical knowledge, capital, specially trained manpower, and a sound plan for using capital, manpower and technical knowledge. Once these elements were made available, they assumed, progress will automatically ensue. The international economic policy of the Western nations have therefore generally been geared towards providing these missing elements, with perhaps the strongest bias being in the provision of capital as the principal agent of development. The view is still widespread that if Asian countries can only obtain, through their own efforts or through foreign assistance, as sufficient amount of capital, they would be able to â€Å"finish the job† of development. The truth is that investment, whether public or private is subject to the risks, uncertainties and eccentricities of the poor public administration. Since development is a process, it is subject at every stage to how effectively the government can execute its plans. Moreover, it is now clear that traditional marginal analysis, however useful it may be as a basis for the understanding of advanced economics, can be very misleading for underdeveloped ones. When such factors as population growth and technological progress are made an integral part of analysis, instead of being left out altogether as in traditional equilibrium theory, out analysis can lead to policy conclusions exactly the reverse of what orthodox equilibrium theory might suggest. Even with the emergence in the West of development economics as a new field for the study of developing countries, certain biases continue to show. An example is the fact that in the West, economic development as a goal has been reckoned almost exclusively in terms of increases in annual national income. The corollary problem of income distribution has been merely glossed over. This is a serious omission because of the existing wide disparities in incomes among the peoples of the developing nations. This is illustrated in Philippine society. For this society may be likened to a social pyramid with an acute apex and a very broad base. At the apex is a very small segment of society, the rich and the very rich; at the base are the broad masses of those who are poor and very poor. The constellation of power in our society has traditionally consisted of the hacendero-politico class at the apex of the social pyramid, which held sway over the lives of human beings. More recently, a new industrial class has appeared to increase their numerically few but historically powerful ranks. The elite class enjoys the benefits of modern technology and the affluence that it makes possible while the vast mass of the population lives close to the subsistence level. There is this a distressing and ever-widening gap in the process to goods and services. It is clear, therefore, that to be relevant to the realities of the Asian situation, economic development should not be reckoned only in terms of annual rates of economic growth, or of doubling national incomes in a decade. It should be vitally concerned with promoting economic justice, in spreading more widely the benefits of economic progress, and in continuously opening up new opportunities to an ever-widening circle of entrepreneurs and investors in the developing countries. In short, the achievement of economic democracy has to be a primordial goal, alongside the acceleration of the growth process. SOCIOLOGY In the realm of rural sociology, many practical limits to Western social research concepts and methods have been actually discovered in the Philippines. Methods and Techniques To begin with, planning a research project on the Western pattern is often not warranted by the amount and quality of available resources. There is, for instance, the problem of shortage of local professional social researchers compounded by the attitude which rural folks have for those social researchers. In the West, its rural folks are used to extension workers, welfare-agency volunteers, missionaries and the like. On the other hand, Philippine researchers and interviewers have been looked upon as philanthropists, as some sort of Rockefeller of Ford Foundation representatives ready to give out material aid (Feliciano 1965). The establishment of concepts and definitions has not been easy. Social research is built around a framework which requires certain concepts such as household, family, literacy, religion, cooperation, and the like. But a research group, led by Professor Gloria D. Feliciano of the University of the Philippines, has recently concluded that in diagnostic studies wherein these concepts need to be stated in more refined or precise terms, an adaptation is necessary to avoid getting inaccurate data (Feliciano 1965). The term â€Å"religious affiliation. † For instance, has a connotation in the Philippines different from that in the West, where individualism and not â€Å"familism† prevails. In the West, it implies not only membership of an individual in a religious group. But usually religious preferences as well. In the Philippines, where close family and community ties are predominant, religious affiliation becomes a family or community matter. Hence, the term does not necessarily imply the religious preference of the individual. Another example mention by a Philippine research group has to do with family types: In this country (Philippines), one may not find a simple or nuclear family defined and interpreted according to Western standards. For, although it may appear simple nuclear structurally, functionally it usually partakes of the character of the extended type. Studies in recent years have exploded the myth that structurally the Filipino family is of the extended type. Rather, they showed that although the majority of the nuclear families live apart from one another, this did not deter them from helping one another in times of need or crisis.  (Castillo 1963 and Feliciano 1964, cited in Feliciano 1965). In reporting one of his studies, a Filipino researcher expounded on the problem he encountered in regard to the concept of cooperation: In the West, where this term gave rise to cooperatives, one usually thinks of it in terms of a disciplined, highly ordered code of behavior, de-emphasized family loyalties, rigid business principles, and a high degree of rationalized behavior. In short, the term has come to be associated with individual independence. In the Philippines, however, where the practice is deeply rooted in familiar or family ties, it is a matter of interdependence among indivuals. (Provinse 1960, cited in Feliciano 1965). Finally, insofar as the concept of literacy is concerned, a further refinement of sub-types is needed in the Philippines. It has been discovered that very often one encounters people who could literally read and write but who do not fully understand what they read or write. Role of Women, Role of Education In another report, Professor Gelia T.  Castillo, a pioneer rural research scholar in the Philippines, has found it necessary to reexamine the role of women in the development scheme (Castillo 1964). Her findings showed such strong female influence in family and farm decision-making that for purposes of development work, it would be more fruitful to classify the Filipino woman in the rural scene as an active initiator, legitimizer, and decision-maker in her own right, rather than just a person who plays a mere supportive role to her husband, her father, or her barrio. A closer examination of the role of education has likewise been suggested because, while it is a potent instrument for effecting change in agricultural production, education acquires a different dimension when it â€Å"rules out mud on educated hands. † This view has been corroborated by another rural researcher, Professor Juan F. Jamias (1967). Who has an interesting explanation for the effectiveness of the â€Å"verbal culture† (education, research and extension) in increasing agricultural productivity in the Philippines. He states that the agricultural college degree in the Philippines has been â€Å"white-collarized. † He cites data on the employment distribution of graduates of the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, which show that except for 8 percent engaged in farming, all the rest may be classified as white-collar workers. A later and more comprehensive survey revealed that only 1. 3 percent were actually engaged in private farming or business. Most of the graduates were actively involved in teaching and extension work. There are other examples of generalization that need closer scrutiny. In community leadership, does youth versus age necessarily mean change versus status quo? Is the mutual self-help circle, often regarded as an existing resource for cohesive community action, coterminous with the village unit of operations? The problem of concepts and definitions aside, the Feliciano research group has found out, too, that Western scientific sampling techniques are quite difficult to apply because, oftentimes, sampling universes such as geographic, or political subdivision lines are not definitely established. Furthermore, in many places, the basic socio-economic structure of the occupational groups, ethnic and religious groups, and types of land-use and land ownership have not been objectively defined. Raw Materials from Research in Action Programs The traditional social research method, which has come down to us from the West, calls for empirical evidence to support existing ideas. Our experience shows that rural research theory in the Philippines, in fact, being enriched by various experiences in research in action programs. The findings of Professor Gelia Castillo show that the researcher in action setting â€Å"has a unique advantage in obtaining substantive and methodological insights while actually participating in real life events which are part of the process of bringing about change. † At times, she says the problem which defies any design except the kind which involves a faithful description of down-to-earth happenings, is the most fertile source of insights. Examples to support this view have been cited. In the Philippines, many extension workers have claimed that most of the researches done are not practical and economically feasible under village conditions (From The Innovator, 1965). In the Philippines, experience, new theories in rural sociology are arising from empirical evidence. And the existing facts and data gathered are quite interesting because they are the results of pioneer efforts, empirically identified with their meanings laid bare rather than assumed by the conceptualizer. Truly, the agents of change in rural Philippines are breaking virgin ground. Knowing One’s Audience As we have said, in effecting directed social change, Western social scientists have focused their attention on knowing one’s audience. Even in the voluminous literature on diffusion studies in the United States, rarely have investigators addressed themselves to the nature of the innovation and the character of the carriers of change. Among the advocates of change, there is an unchallenged assumption that the change being introduced is good, that the change agent is effective and that, therefore, the farmer who refuses to accept the innovation is irrational (Castillo). To be sure, the audience should be known. Who is the Asian farmer, for instance, whose ways are sought to be changed? This is an extremely important question. Again, one should know his audience in order to evaluate his data. It has been found that the reliability of farmers’ responses depends upon the respondent’s image of the researcher or interviewer and their expectations from the project. The Role of the Change Agent Be that as it may, to understand the subsistence farmer’s response or lack of response to the innovations sought to be introduced, the innovation itself must be proved, and the role of the change agent fully studied. On the latter point, one of the findings is that oftentimes a change agency is as rigid as the farmers it seeks to change. A former consultant has been quoted as saying that â€Å"the problems of development exist just as much in the organization charged with instituting change schemes as they do in the populace they are trying to change. † (Kumata 1960) To other findings have come out of the Philippine experiments. One is that a change agent can hardly expect to be effective unless his roles is accepted by his clientele. Rapport with the villagers, therefore, becomes a key factor. The other is that the agent of change in the Philippines should have a versatility unmatched by his counterpart in the West. The enormity and diversity of problem situations he comes to grips with require an interdisciplinary thinking, especially when he is the only social scientist within a radius of many kilometers. He should not be just a rural sociologist or an agricultural economist but a social scientist with expert preparation in his own discipline. He needs sophistication in social theory, mastery of research methodology, adequate comprehension of bureaucracy and political behavior, and intensive exposure to the world of village action, administration and policy. Towards a Theory for Developing Asian Nations It is of the highest priority that the teachers and practitioners in the social sciences in Asia emancipate themselves from the value-bias of Western concepts and postulates of reasoning. There is need for escaping the universalizing that characterizes much of the social sciences as they have developed in Western academic circles. Asian social scientists should undergo a truly creative engagement with their own culture and society, making use, in the process, of frameworks that provide standards of relevance to the experiences and aspirations of their own people. It should be constantly borne in the mind that there are limits to the applicability of Western concepts, values and method to Asian realities. It is important therefore, that organized efforts be undertaken to compile and codify the vast amount of scattered data on particular subjects of social research in the different countries which are to be found in research offices and libraries of universities. With a commitment to intellectual efforts with a decidedly Asian value base, more genuine works of scholarships in the social sciences should come out of the academic world. With the growing data from field works and social sciences which enable d us to verify the referents of concepts in our respective countries, we may usefully embark on the ambitious project of setting up a theory for the developing Asian nations, and in the process, hopefully, understand ourselves. How to cite Sociology and Social Sciences, Papers

Sustainability Initiatives and Authenticity

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Initiatives and Authenticity. Answer: Introduction Sustainability initiatives focusses on creating a sustainable development in the environment and the community while building a conducive working relationship between the society and the organization. It also aims in creating awareness through research, public engagement, and involvement with the government to generate a sustainable societal development. Sustainable development is a wide area concerned with the impact of human activities on the environment, economic development and social well-being (Parboteeah et al., p. 308). AIC (African Inland Church) Kijabe Hospital has adopted sustainability initiatives in their operations which has enabled it to grow extensively and hence able to provide its services to many people. Applying principles of sustainable development helps an organization to maximize business opportunities while complying with the government regulations and policies. Sustainability Initiatives and their Benefits to the Society AIC Kijabe hospital is located in Kenya and its known for its providence of high quality services in anesthesia and surgery. Its a missionary hospital whose main aim is to provide health care to every individual specifically the rural poor people (Chao et al., p.610). The hospital management knew the importance of sustainability initiatives and so, they were eager to implement sustainability of staff model so as to improve on the infrastructure and operations of the hospital. Kenya has high mortality and morbidity levels over the years. People suffer from various diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV and other diseases related to malnutrition. Due to such cases, it came up with an initiative in the year 2005 known as Kenyan Essential Package for Health (KEPH) whose aim was to provide basic health services (Muga et al., p. 21). It also introduced National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) where the earning group was deducted from their monthly salary to cater for their hospital bil ls. For the non-earning group, they also pay a certain amount of money either monthly or yearly. Since Kijabe hospital was started in 1915, it has invested so much on sustainability programs (Pollock et al., p. 497). It has added maternity wards to cater for the pregnant mothers, inpatient wards and an operating theater so as offer efficient delivery services. It has also established a nursing school that trains numerous students on proper health care practices such as nurse anesthetist training. It as well offers internships that helps their students to put into practice what they learn in classes as they prepare them for future career. Similarly, it offers postgraduate medical training and research grounds (Nthumba, p. 435) to investigate causes of various diseases and ways to overcome them. In the year 2005 Kijabe opened an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) which had five-bed. space This enabled them to take care of severe cases. Due to high demand of mechanical ventilator, they established a committee that investigated on the best initiatives to improve on ventilation. Analysis of the Authenticity of the Sustainability Initiatives Kijabe hospital came up with numerous initiatives that were aimed at improving health service delivery and thereby improving the health of the society. Expansion of the operating theater (OT) for instance, saw the hospital meet its needs and demand by offering quality services to many. It also ensured expansion of training programs, infrastructure improvement and better management of resources (Chao et al., p.610). Investing on OT expansion was beneficial to both the hospital management, the employees as well as the society. People would get better services and the employees work in a spacious and conducive environment with a promise of longevity to the hospital (Newton and Bird, p. 449). The initiatives that the management adopted ensured the sustainability of the hospital and saw it become one of the sought after hospital in Kenya. Conclusion For an organization to be successful in implementation of sustainable initiatives, it should involve the employees, government, stakeholders and the society. Communication to the employees and the society as well as their feedback will ensure successful implementation of the initiatives. References Chao, T.E., Rosenberg, J., Patel, P., Riviello, R. and Weintraub, R., 2011. Surgery at AIC Kijabe Hospital in rural Kenya. Population (thousands), 41, p.610. Muga, R., Kizito, P., Mbayah, M. and Gakuruh, T., 2005. Overview of the health system in Kenya. Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey 2004, pp.13-26. Newton, M. and Bird, P., 2010. Impact of parallel anesthesia and surgical provider training in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for a resource-poor setting. World journal of surgery, 34(3), pp.445-452. Nthumba, P.M., 2010. Blitz surgery: redefining surgical needs, training, and practice in sub-Saharan Africa. World journal of surgery, 34(3), pp.433-437. Parboteeah, K.P., Addae, H.M. and Cullen, J.B., 2012. Propensity to support sustainability initiatives: A cross-national model. Journal of business ethics, 105(3), pp.403-413. Pollock, J.D., Love, T.P., Steffes, B.C., Thompson, D.C., Mellinger, J. and Haisch, C., 2011. Is it possible to train surgeons for rural Africa? A report of a successful international program. World journal of surgery, 35(3), pp.493-499.