Organizational behavior - 1577 Words

Organizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affecting the organization. The formula for success in business as noted by Millstein et al. (1998, p.7) requires two elements including the external environment and the individual. Major scholars have also noted that removing one of these values is†¦show more content†¦The findings provided from the analysis indicated that a Helm fire and rescue service was an effective organization though in some of the departments, it required improvements. Francis and Fred (2009, p.69-76) was of the view that management must continuously be the main element palpating the pulse of the specific organization and at all times know their opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses. They noted that four cardinal contributors to a success within an organization are the way in which that particular organization is governed, the way it attains and establishes its goals and objectives, its strategies to promote ethics, and if the strategic maintenance of aspects that reflect a healthy organization. To effect change and allow for full operations to take place at Helm fire and rescue services management has been the key element of consideration. Helm fire and Rescue Company has its mission as being effectively saving property, lives and the environment. The strategies implemented to accomplish this mission, and the identified values are subject to management (Millstein et al 1998, p.7). These aspects drive the organization, and management is facing a herculean challenge (Robert 2009, p.297–299). However, the company has thrived in operation with the management facilitating periodic evaluation of diverse components of the organization including success and failure in the year’s operations, communication between departments andShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior4841 Words   |  20 PagesTable of contents: Page # 1. Literature Review 1 1.1. What are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) 1 1.2. OCB and its link with Organization 3 1.3. How OCB’s are exhibited by employees 4 1.4. Importance of OCB 5 1.5. Effect of OCB on employees 6 2. Introduction to Organization 6 2.1. Allied Bank Limited 7 2.2. Meezan Bank Limited 7 2.3. First Women’s Bank 7 2.4. MCB 7 3. Findings and resultsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1387 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior Michael J. Bonnie CJA444 June 5, 2014 Eddie Gordon Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of how employee’s behavior interacts within an agency’s work environment. It includes many subjects which include sociology, communication, psychology, and management. 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There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. â€Å"Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).† This is not just the study o n one organization, but the study withinRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : Organization Behavior2093 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn, 2011). 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Pharmacia is an example of a company that: a. experienced culture clashes as a result of a merger. b. ignored technological advances to its harm. c. is a great employer in terms of human resources, but an unprofitable company. d. focused on balance sheets rather than human resources. Answer a Page 2 2. _____ is a structured social system consisting of groups and individuals working together toRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organisational Behavior2512 Words   |  11 PagesNowadays with the new millennium speeding towards us and competitive advantage more rapidly than ever, organisational behavior is one of the most direct relevance study for deeper understanding of management context. Indeed, it’s about how people organised and managed at work, which contains the study of leadership, motivation and organisational design to examine human behaviour in relation to various psychological, social and political conditions. The purpose of study this subject from regulatoryRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Organizational Behavior Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Culture play major role within the organization. It exists and plays a very crucial role in carving organization’s behavior. Organizational culture positively influences organizational behavior. People join number of organizations during their life. The organizations act as social tools to build the relationships between the individuals. Organizations are boundary maintaining, socially constructed and goal directed system, which focuses on the processes involved in the persistence, genesis

My Perceptions On The Wild, And The Connections - 1310 Words

Avila, Jaron ID# 23733359 Preface These writing have allowed the opportunity to expand my perceptions on the wild, and the connections I have with environments that surround my daily encounters. I have compares some of these experiences to the readings such as â€Å"To build a fire† and â€Å"Buckeye†, as both stories convey ideas of survival, sentimental values, and inner connections with nature and learning to understand it better as individuals. This has been a great opportunity to relearn the ideas we conceive about nature and how in some ways, we as people take for granted. It is important to understand these refreshed ideas about nature, to better ourselves as humans and to care for the environments we call home. Essays on Place #1 The place†¦show more content†¦I am connected to this place. As I stare into the horizon feeling at ease, my patience and demeanor resemble the soothing sound of the waves and the breeze. As a student of Hilo, I feel fortunate to be here and to be a part of its scene. The mountainous coast engulfs my body with its spectacular views. The light blue-gray colors of the water travel to its navy blue horizon. My emotions and physical being feel refreshed, rejuvenated, tempered down to a slow pace and feeling relaxed. After jumping in and eagerly swimming around the shallow coves, I swim back to the ledge where I had been sitting, and from which I was taking in the view. The warm humid breeze and the clouded sun dry me with ease and I hardly notice. I continue to embrace and enjoy the visual beauties of Hawaii, feeling blessed to have this privilege. Essays on Place #2 There were a few reasons why I decided to write about the coast of Hilo bay. The main reason was it had an open area to observe, and that it was not secluded and close quartered as some of the other areas I thought of. This area felt more accessible to particular subjects I could touch on, rather than having to feel limited. Hilo bay is open wide with its brisk coastal breeze and the ocean waters, offering a sense of purity and oneness with nature. It would be hard to imagine if others thought this was a place of dread or unsettledness, though I could imagine that others might view

Case Study Residence Source and Ordinary Income

Questions: Case Study 1: Residence and Source Case Study 2: Ordinary Income Answers: Case study 1: Issue From this scenario, Kit is the resident of Australia. Kit works for an American company that is located in Australia. His salary is paid in his account in an Australian Bank Westpac Bank' (Benjamin, 2010). Kit is the owner of this Australian bank and also he has a joint account. Conversely, Kit is a resident of Chile and also he is measured as the resident of Australia as because he has to make a permission of the double nationality. In some cases, this type of context describes that Kit is a citizen of Australia where he works for the American company which is situated in Australia. Using the kit is keeping a Chilean residency and at the same time he is also measured as an Australian citizenship since Kit has a double nationality. However, Kit is considered as a resident of Australia for the tax purpose as Kit has a residential house in Australia (BLACK and BALDWIN, 2010). Conversely, his wife needs to be also resided in the Australia almost half of the time in a year. Most of the t ime periods Kit needs to stay in the coasts of Indonesia and during the holidays also he remains in Australia. But Kit mostly needs to stay in Chile where Kit is considered to be a resident. The issue is whether Kit is a true citizen of Australia or not and whether he needs to pay Australian Tax as per the rules and regulations. Law From this context, taxation law that is arranged by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO), this type of following characteristics are needed to be checked and which justified the Australian citizenship of an individual: In case of a person who comes to Australia with members of their family on several types of trips and also taking into consideration the reason behind the trip. The association the individual has with the country, along with the family members, who are staying in the country (Case presentations, 2009). The members of the family of the person, who live in Australia. In the situation when the individual under consideration is an employee of Australia If the person should have any bank account, like Westpac bank in Australia If an individual possesses any assets like house, land, etc. and also a person that continues in Australia as an emigrant. While staying in Australia, an Australian citizen needs to follow three main types of rule and they are: State, Federal and Local. As per the Australian Taxation Office, each and every citizen of Australia is liable to pay taxes for the money they earn in Australia. Analysis From this particular case study it can be understood that Kit is a resident of the both countries of Australia and Chile since he is an employee in Australia (Covaleski, Dirsmith and Weiss, 2013). Kit receives his salary in the bank account of "Westpac bank" in Australia. Kit is also the joint owner of a bank account with his wife. Kit is also a resident of Chile, and he is considered as the resident of Australia because he has an authorization of double nationality. Moreover, Kit also has a home in Australia (Findlay, 2013). This is another reason for which Kit got the citizenship of Australia. As per the Australian Taxation Act, if a person buys any asset like that of house, land, etc. in Australia then he or she is bound to be considered as a citizen of Australia. Therefore the individual needs to pay the taxes as per the Australian Taxation Law. As a result of this, the income of Kit will fall under the category of assessable income like any other Australian citizen as he is cons idered to be a proper citizen of Australia. Conclusion Therefore as per the terms and conditions of Australian Citizenship and Australian Taxation Law, Kits income falls under the category of assessable income (Hoogsteder et al., 2014). Thus under any circumstances or situation, Kit is bound to pay the taxes by following the specific rules and regulation of the Australian Taxation Office. Case Study 2: i) Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) (1904) 5 TC 159 According to this scenario or the context, in the case, the whole aim of the California Copper Syndicate was to obtain the assets or the land that fully consisted copper. However, the business did not make any endeavor to extract the copper from the land or the ground. At last, the land was sold by the organization in Australia to another company. The verdict of the court was that the organization or the firm was legally liable to give the income tax to the Australian government because the money that it earned by selling the land was not a part of capital gain and thus has to fall under the category of ordinary income (Issue Information, 2016). As per the guidelines in the Australian Taxation law, the corporation is ready to pay their income tax on that amount that it got through selling the land. ii) Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188 In this particular scenario, a trade of the coal mining was established by a corporate on a land which had been bought by them (WALLER, 2007). After a point of time, the corporation removed or cleared the coal and also took the decision to sell the ground land for money or the revenue. Accordingly, to obtain more benefits from the deal the corporate subdivided this land and also built another framework on it so that it becomes more valuable. However, as per the court verdict, made by the organization was done in order to beautify the land and to gain more benefits and revenue from it (Kurtz, 2010). Moreover, since the organization is not in the business of real estate, any transaction of land by this company will not fall under the category of ordinary income. The verdict given by the court said that the company would benefit in a better way if they are able to subdivide the land. Thus through the analysis and evaluation of the situation, the organization is not legally liable to pay taxes as the money earned through this is not their ordinary income. iii) FC of T v Whit fords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR In this case, the taxpayer under consideration has paid the tax for a land that is located in the front of the beach of white fords. The ground or the land can be utilized for the purpose of fishery as it is situated just beside the sea beach. After a point of time the difficult shares of the business were sold out (Mayer, 2009). The newly became shareholders of the organization and got the ground or the land after getting the management power and also took the decision of trading and subdividing the land in order to increase the shares of their own profits. But after the land was subdivided there was a disagreement amongst the shareholders about whether the profit would be added to their ordinary income or not. Ultimately, the verdict of the court was that the shareholders need to take the responsibility of managing the ground or the land in order to generate revenue from it (O'Neill, 2006). As a consequence of this, the shareholders started a new business of land development so tha t the income generated from it would become a part of their ordinary income. Also, to trade the ground under the team need to be measured as such a simple or the ordinary profits or the income to the Section 26(a) of ITAA (1983)(Taylor, 2011)|. The court verdict was that the revenues or the profits derived from that it needs to be measured as the simple or the ordinary income or the profits. Iv) Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 This type of scenario is closely related to the income tax system. The tax was assessed for quite a long period of time. But after a point of time the decision was taken that the commissioner would take control and responsibility of the income that would be derived from the land (Parker, 2012). The profits or the income is ordinary and the tax should be levied on it as per the rules of the Australian Taxation Law. V) Casimaty v FC of T 7 ATC 5135 This particular case elaborates the situation where ones profits can be decreased. The situation is that a person wants to make some profit by selling a part of the land owned by him (Santos Arvalo and Garca Trallero, 2014). But the problem arises in the fact that whether the profit made by the individual through the selling of the land will fall under assessable income or not. As per the Australian Taxation Act Section 25(1) of ITAA (1983), the income made by that individual would be considered to be taxable. Vi) Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 A company related to the sand business through ordinary income in the country Australia, and it was keeping a land after clearing the sand from this (Seibel, 2008). As because the land was for commercial use, the court give the decision that the profits or the income need to be measured as an ordinary or single income. Vii) Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620 In this context, the taxpayer is a farmer. The farmer to intends to buy a plot of land though there is a disagreement disagreement (Stappen et al., 2014). The farmer would benefit if he gets the land. According to this scenario, it need not fall under an ordinary or a single income or the profits. Viii) McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 In this case, there is a land owned by two brothers. There are some houses present on the land (Tholen, 2013). In order to renovate the land, the homes are needed to be cleared. The problem occurred when there was confusion about whether two brothers need to pay the taxes or not. The verdict of the court also said that they need not pay the taxes. References Benjamin, D. (2010). Rethinking Nonintervention.Public Integrity, 12(3), pp.201-218. BLACK, J., and BALDWIN, R. (2010). Really Responsive Risk-Based Regulation.Law Policy, 32(2), pp.181-213. Case presentations. (2009).Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry, 80(11), pp.e2-e2. Covaleski, M., Dirsmith, M. and Weiss, J. (2013). The social construction, challenge and transformation of a budgetary regime: The endogenization of welfare regulation by institutional entrepreneurs.Accounting, Organizations and Society, 38(5), pp.333-364. Findlay, M. (2013).Contemporary challenges in regulating global order. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Hoogsteder, L., van Horn, J., Stams, G., Wissink, I. and Hendriks, J. (2014). The Relationship Between the Level of Program Integrity and Pre- and Post-Test Changes of Responsive-Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART) Outpatient: A Pilot Study.International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(4), pp.435-455. Issue Information. (2016).Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 99(2), pp.e2-e2. Kurtz, R. (2010). Oil Pipeline Regulation, Culture, and Integrity.Public Integrity, 13(1), pp.25-40. Mayer, T. (2009). Honesty and Integrity in Academic Economics.Challenge, 52(4), pp.16-24. O'Neill, W. (2006). Pyrophosphate, Alkaline Phosphatase, and Vascular Calcification.Circulation Research, 99(2), pp.e2-e2. Parker, C. (2012). Twenty years of responsive regulation: An appreciation and appraisal.Regulation Governance, 7(1), pp.2-13. Santos Arvalo, M. and Garca Trallero, O. (2014). Anemia falciforme: a propsito de un caso.Anales de Pediatra, 80(1), pp.e1-e2. Seibel, H. (2008). Islamic Microfinance in Indonesia: The Challenge of Institutional Diversity, Regulation, and Supervision.Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 23(1), pp.86-103. Stappen, I., Wanner, J., Tabanca, N., Wedge, D., Ali, A., Khan, I., Kaul, V., Lal, B., Jaitak, V., Gochev, V., Girova, T., Stoyanova, A., Schmidt, E. and Jirovetz, L. (2014). Chemical Composition and Biological Effects of Artemisia maritima and Artemisia nilagirica Essential Oils from Wild Plants of Western Himalaya.Planta Med, 80(13), pp.E2-E2. Tholen, B. (2013). Dirty Hands or Political Virtue?.Public Integrity, 15(2), pp.187-202. WALLER, V. (2007). The Challenge of Institutional Integrity in Responsive Regulation: Field Inspections by the Australian Taxation Office.Law Policy, 29(1), pp.67-83.

Scheme of Work Essay Example Essay Example

Scheme of Work Essay Example Paper Scheme of Work Essay Introduction Laboratory equipment safety?Sensory evaluation -Understand the importance of safety when conducting experiments -Plan carry out experimental work to test food preparation and processes -Conduct a simple food sensory test -Introduction to Design Folio and grading scheme Assignment to be given to students A simple sensory test on fruit juices 2SCIENCE of food preparation?Reasons for cooking food Heat transference?Methods of cooking -Explain reasons for cooking food -Describe how heat is transferred when food is cooked by conduction, convection, radiation and microwave -Describe the principles of the different methods of cooking Baking – biscuits (bake at different levels in oven – compare heat zones) 1PROTEINS Reactions in food during preparation and cooking-State the elements of proteins -List the sources of proteins -Explain the functions of proteins in the diet -Differentiate between; Indispensable and dispensable amino acids and give examples? High and low biologica l value proteins and give examples -Define denaturation, coagulation, gelatinisation and maillard browning -Explain the advantages of the above various reactions on food preparation and cookingFood test on protein (pg. 11 Anita Tull) Egg omelette – denaturation coagulation Omelette filling – gelatinisation Scones – maillard browning Written test – methods of cooking and heat transference D/N – Duration FOOD NUTRITION SCHEME OF WORK 2004 CARBO-HYDRATES Reactions in food during preparation and cooking-State the elements of carbohydrates -List the sources of carbohydrates -Explain the functions of carbohydrates in the diet -Differentiate between the types of carbohydrates – monosaccharide disaccharide and polysaccharide and give examples -Define dextrinisation -Explain the advantages of the above reaction on food preparation and cookingFood test on carbohydrates (pg. 11 Anita Tull) Biscuits – dextrinisation Written test – protei n 1FATS Reactions in food during preparation and cooking-State the elements of fats -List the sources of fats -Explain the functions of fats in the diet -Differentiate between the types of fats – saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated and give examples -Define emulsion, enzymic browning and oxidation -Explain the advantages of the above various reactions on food preparation and cookingFrench dressing – using different oils (olive oil, butter vegetable oil) Emulsion Test on prevention of enzymic browning in fruits 1VITAMINS-List the sources of vitamins A,B,C,D,E K Classify them into fat (A,D,E K) and water soluble (B thiamin, riboflavin, nicotine acid, folic acid, B6, B12) and C (ascorbic acid) -Compare and contrast the functions of the vitamins -Discuss the need for vitamin supplements in the dietWritten test – fats and carbohydrates 1MINERALS-List the sources of minerals calcium, phosphorous, iron, sodium chloride, potassium and iodine -Explain the f unctions of the minerals -Discuss the need for mineral supplements in the dietWritten test – vitamins 1WATER DIETARY FIBRE-Explain the importance of water in the body -Define dietary fibre (NSP) Classify dietary fibre and name their sources?Soluble (non-cellulose eg. pectin and gums in fruit, vegetables, legumes and cereals)? Insoluble (cellulose eg. stems, leaves of vegetables, coverings and seeds of grains) Scheme of Work Essay Body Paragraphs Explain the functions of dietary fibre in the dietWritten test – minerals FOOD NUTRITION SCHEME OF WORK 2004 TERM 2 D/NCHAPTERSCONTENTSACTIVITIES 2HEALTH PROBLEMS associated with diet-Define the term malnutrition (as a lack of balance in the diet due to a shortage / excess of particular nutrients) -Discuss the common health problems associated with diet: Obesity, hypertension, diabetes, colorectal cancer, coronary heart diseases, osteoporosis, anaemia, night-blindness, eating disorders -Explain how inadequate / excessive intake of nutrients are linked to health problems -Infer form data the relationship between diet and health problemsSurf the internet for information – www. fitforlife. com www. mayohealth. org. com www. healthwell. com www. geocities. com www. nutrition. com Written test – water and dietary fibre 2MEAL PLANNING AND MEAL ANALYSIS?Balanced diet?Factors to consider Explain the term â€Å"balanced diet† -Elaborate on the importance of having a balanced diet -Identify the factors to consider when planning meals;?Physiological: age, gender, metabolic rate, level of physical activity, health status? Psychological: individual preferences, emotional needs, food as punishment / reward? Environmental: ethnic customs and traditions, religions, parental / peer / media influence? Social and economic: value for money, shopping trends and facilities -Deduce from data gathered through interviews / surveys the extent media has n consumer’s food choicesWritten test / online test – health problems FOOD NUTRITION SCHEME OF WORK 2004 D/NCHAPTERSCONTENTSACTIVITIES 2HEALTHY MEALS Guidelines Calorie intake Identify the Singapore National Dietary Guidelines (SNDG) and explain how each can be applied to plan healthy meals:? Eat a variety fo foods?Maintain desirable body weight?Reduce total fat intake?Reduce sugar intake?Reduce salt intake?Increase dietary fibre?Modify and create recipes to suit different dietary needs -State t he unit measurement for energy (KJ, Kcal) Explain the concept of energy balance -Apply knowledge and understanding when planning and preparing meals to meet different requirements -Analyze, modify / create and evaluate meals using nutritional tools such as the Healthy Diet Pyramid, Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances (RDA) and Food Composition Tables Worksheet – to calculate the RDA and modify a week’s menus for a specific group of people Written test – meal planning 1FOOD LABELS-Identify the basic food information of a food label -Differentiate between a food label and a nutrition label Interpret and apply information found on nutrition labels eg. serving sizes, list of nutrients, % daily values, calorie conversion guide -Deduce from the information given on nutrition labels to make a better choice -Correlate nutritional information found on nutrition labels to an individual’s RDA requirement -Explain the following nutritional claims used on food labels :? â€Å"Free† eg. sugar free, fat free?†Low†, â€Å"less† eg. low fat, low cholesterol, low calorie, less fat? â€Å"Light†, â€Å"lite†?†More†, â€Å"enriched†, â€Å"fortified† â€Å"Reduced† -Differentiate the above nutritional claims -Identify the possible errors on food labels eg. cholesterol free, low fat Hand in assignment Design a food label using food works software. FOOD NUTRITION SCHEME OF WORK 2004 TERM 3 D/NCHAPTERSCONTENTSACTIVITIES 1MEAT-List the nutritive composition of meat -Compare and contrast the nutritional composition of different food commodities -Choose food in relation to cost, quality and nutritive value -Select and store perishable and dry foods Use a variety of foods in the preparation of meals (including TVP) -Investigate and compare a particular food commodityExperiment on effects of heat on meat 1FISH-List the nutritive composition of fish -Compare and contrast the nutritional c omposition of different food commodities -Choose food in relation to cost, quality and nutritive value -Select and store perishable and dry foods -Use a variety of foods in the preparation of meals (including TVP) -Investigate and compare a particular food commodityExperiment on effects of heat on fish Written test – meat 1EGGS-List the nutritive composition of eggs Compare and contrast the nutritional composition of different food commodities -Choose food in relation to cost, quality and nutritive value -Select and store perishable and dry foods -Use a variety of foods in the preparation of meals (including TVP) -Investigate and compare a particular food commodityExperiment on effects of heat on egg Written test – fish 1DAIRY PRODUCTS-List the nutritive composition of dairy products -Compare and contrast the nutritional composition of different food commodities -Choose food in relation to cost, quality and nutritive value -Select and store perishable and dry foods Use a variety of foods in the preparation of meals (including TVP) -Investigate and compare a particular food commodityExperiment on effects of heat on cheese and milk Written test – eggs FOOD NUTRITION SCHEME OF WORK 2004 D/NCHAPTERSCONTENTSACTIVITIES 1CEREALS-List the nutritive composition of cereals Compare and contrast the nutritional composition of different food commodities -Choose food in relation to cost, quality and nutritive value -Select and store perishable and dry foods Use a variety of foods in the preparation of meals (including TVP) -Investigate and compare a particular food commodityWritten test – dairy products Food test on flour – Bake small cakes using different types of flour and compare results 1FRUITS VEGETABLES-List the nutritive composition of fruits and vegetables -Compare and contrast the nutritional composition of different food commodities -Choose food in relation to cost, quality and nutritive value -Select and store perishable and d ry foods Use a variety of foods in the preparation of meals (including TVP) -Investigate and compare a particular food commodityExperiment on effects of heat on fruits and vegetables Written test – cereals 2SCIENCE of food processing?Food handling?Microbial and chemical spoilage?Food preservation -Practice safe handling of food -State causes of food spoilage -Suggest ways to avoid and reduce the risk of food spoilage when preparing and storing a range of foods -Explain the advantages of micro-organisms in foods -State the function and purpose of food preservation List and explain the additives commonly found in food such as salt, sugar, vinegar, sodium nitrate, flavourings, colourings etc. Written test – fruits and vegetables Experiment on food preservation FOOD NUTRITION SCHEME OF WORK 2003 D/NCHAPTERSCONTENTSACTIVITIES 2DIGESTION-Describe briefly the process of digestion and absorption -State the action of digestive juices and enzymes on nutrients -Explain the absor ption of nutrients in the small intestinesCD-ROM and worksheet Written test – food preservation 4PART B -To carry out Part B of the assignmentWritten test – digestion We will write a custom essay sample on Scheme of Work Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scheme of Work Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scheme of Work Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Cyrus the Great - Persian Achaemenid Dynasty Founder

Cyrus the Great - Persian Achaemenid Dynasty Founder Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Achaemenid Dynasty (c. 550-330 BC), the first imperial dynasty of the Persian Empire  and the  worlds largest empire before that of Alexander the Great. Was the Achaemenid truly a family dynasty? It is possible that the third main Achaemenid ruler Darius  invented his relationship to Cyrus, in order to give legitimacy to his rule. But that doesnt diminish the significance of two centuries worth of empirerulers centered in southwestern Persia and Mesopotamia, whose territory spanned the known world from Greece to the Indus Valley, extending south to Lower Egypt. Cyrus started it all. Fast Facts: Cyrus the Great Known As: Cyrus (Old Persian: KuruÃ… ¡; Hebrew: Kores)Dates: c. 600 - c. 530 BCEParents: Cambyses I and MandaneKey Accomplishments: Founder of the Achaemenid Dynasty (c. 550-330 BC), the first imperial dynasty of the Persian Empire  and the  worlds largest empire before that of Alexander the Great. Cyrus II King of Anshan (Maybe) The Greek father of history Herodotus never says Cyrus II the Great came from a royal Persian family, but rather that he acquired his power through the Medes, to whom he was related by marriage. Although scholars wave caution flags when Herodotus discusses the Persians, and even Herodotus mentions conflicting Cyrus stories, he may be right that Cyrus was of the aristocracy, but not a royal. On the other hand, Cyrus may have been the fourth king of Anshan (modern Malyan), and the second king Cyrus there. His status clarified when he became the ruler of Persia in 559 B.C. Anshan, possibly a Mesopotamian name, was a Persian kingdom in Parsa (modern Fars, in southwestern Iran) in the Marv Dasht plain, between Persepolis and Pasargadae. It had been under the rule of the Assyrians and then may have been under the control of Media*. Young suggests that this kingdom wasnt known as Persia until the start of the empire. Cyrus II King of the Persians Defeats the Medes In about 550, Cyrus defeated the Median king Astyages (or Ishtumegu), took him prisoner, looted his capital at Ecbatana, and then became king of Media. At the same time, Cyrus acquired power over both the Iranian-related tribes of the Persians and Medes and the countries over which the Medes had held power. The extent of the Median lands went as far east as modern Tehran and westward to the Halys River at the border of Lydia; Cappadocia was now Cyruss. This event is the first firm, documented event in Achaemenid history, but the three main accounts of it are different. In the dream of the Babylonian king, the god Marduk leads Cyrus, king of Anshan, to march successfully against Astyages.The Babylonian chronicle 7.11.3-4 states [Astyages] mustered [his army] and marched against Cyrus [II], king of Anshan, for conquest... The army rebelled against Astyages and he was taken prisoner.  Herodotus version differs, but Astyages is still betrayed- this time, by a man to whom Astyages had served his son in a stew. Astyages may or may not have marched against Anshan and lost because he was betrayed by his own men who were sympathetic with the Persians.   Cyrus Acquires Lydia and Croesus Wealth Famous for his own wealth as well as these other famous names: Midas, Solon, Aesop, and Thales, Croesus (595 BC - c. 546 BC) ruled Lydia, which covered Asia Minor west of the Halys River, with its capital at Sardis. He controlled and received tribute from the Greek cities in Ionia. When, in 547, Croesus crossed the Halys and entered Cappadocia, he had encroached on Cyrus territory and war was about to begin. After months spent marching and getting into position, the two kings fought an initial, inconclusive battle, perhaps in November. Then Croesus, assuming the battle season was over, sent his troops into winter quarters. Cyrus didnt. Instead, he advanced to Sardis. Between Croesus depleted numbers and the tricks Cyrus used, the Lydians were to lose the fight. The Lydians retreated to the citadel where Croesus intended to wait out a siege until his allies could come to his assistance. Cyrus was resourceful and so he found an opportunity to breach the citadel. Cyrus then seized the Lydian king and his treasure. This also put Cyrus in power over the Lydian Greek vassal cities. Relations between the Persian king and the Ionian Greeks were strained. Other Conquests In the same year (547) Cyrus conquered Urartu. He also conquered Bactria, according to Herodotus. At some point, he conquered Parthia, Drangiana, Aria, Chorasmia, Bactria, Sogdiana, Gandara, Scythia, Sattagydia, Arachosia and Maka. The next important known year is ​539, when Cyrus conquered Babylon. He credited Marduk (to the Babylonians) and Yahweh (to the Jews whom he would free from exile), depending on the audience, for choosing him as the right leader. Propaganda Campaign and a Battle The claim of divine selection was part of Cyrus propaganda campaign to turn the Babylonians against their aristocracy and king, accused of using the people as corvee labor, and more. King Nabonidus had not been a native Babylonian, but a Chaldean, and worse than that, had failed to perform the religious rituals. He had slighted Babylon, by putting it under the control of the crown prince while he resided at Teima in north Arabia. The confrontation between the forces of Nabonidus and Cyrus took place in one battle, at Opis, in October. By the middle of October, Babylon and its king had been taken. Cyrus empire now included Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine. To make sure the rites were performed correctly, Cyrus installed his son Cambyses as king of Babylon. Probably it was Cyrus who divided the empire into 23 divisions to be known as satrapies. He may have accomplished further organization before he died in 530.   Cyrus died during a conflict with  the nomadic Massegatae (in modern Kazakhstan), famous for their warrior queen Tomyris. Records of Cyrus II and the Propaganda of Darius Important records of Cyrus the Great appear in the Babylonian (Nabonidus) Chronicle (useful for dating), the Cyrus Cylinder, and the Histories of Herodotus. Some scholars believe Darius the Great is responsible for the inscription on Cyrus tomb at Pasargadae. This inscription calls him an Achaemenid. Darius the Great was the second most important ruler of the Achmaenids, and it is his propaganda concerning Cyrus that we know of Cyrus at all.  Darius the Great ousted a certain King Gautama/Smerdis who may have been an impostor or the brother of the late king Cambyses II. It suited Darius purposes not only to state that Gautama was an impostor (because Cambyses had killed his brother, Smerdis, before setting out to Egypt) but also to claim a royal lineage to back up his bid for the throne. While the people had admired Cyrus the great as a fine king and felt put upon by the tyrannical Cambyses, Darius never overcame the question of his lineage and was called the shopkeeper.   See Dariuss Behistun Inscription  in which he claimed his noble parentage.   Sources Depuydt L. 1995. Murder in Memphis: The Story of Cambysess Mortal Wounding of the Apis Bull (Ca. 523 BCE). Journal of Near Eastern Studies 54(2):119-126.Dusinberre ERM. 2013. Empire, Authority, and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Lendering J. 1996 [last modified 2015]. Cyrus the Great. Livius.org. [Accessed 02 July 2016]Munson RV. 2009. Who Are Herodotus Persians? The Classical World 102(4):457-470.Young J, T. Cuyler 1988. The early history of the Medes and the Persians and the Achaemenid empire to the death of CambysesThe Cambridge Ancient History. In: Boardman J, Hammond NGL, Lewis DM, and Ostwald M, editors. The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 4: Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean, c525 to 479 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Waters M. 2004. Cyrus and the Achaemenids. Iran 42:91-102.

How to Choose a Major for Your College Application

How to Choose a Major for Your College Application SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve recently started the college application process and are looking at particular schools, you might have noticed that some schools want you to know your major before you apply. Or at some schools, even if you don’t have to know your major, you have to apply to a specific undergraduate college such as Engineering, Nursing, or Arts and Sciences. So how do you know which major or school to apply to? What if you have no clue what you want to study in college? We'll give you advice and show you how to navigate admission sites to get the information you need. Applying to a Specific Undergraduate College For many universities, you apply for undergraduate admission and that’s it. Even if the university is divided into several smaller colleges of study, you won't have to choose a school until after you get to campus. For example, at Stanford, I wasn’t required to apply to a major or specific undergraduate division. Once I got to campus, I could choose between the different undergraduate schools: Humanities and Sciences, Engineering, or Earth Sciences. Each school housed its own majors. However, for some universities, you need to make the choice between undergraduate colleges when you are applying as a high school senior. To take a few prominent examples, Northwestern, Cornell, and Boston College all require you to apply to a specific undergraduate college. This can all be daunting when you're just 18 and don't know what to do with your life yet! The choices at those schools are as follows: Northwestern College of Arts and Sciences School of Journalism, Media, and Integrated Marketing Communications School of Engineering and Applied Science School of Communication School of Music School of Education and Social Policy Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences College of Architecture, Art, and Planning College of Arts and Sciences College of Engineering College of Business (which is further divided into two schools: School of Hotel Administration and School of Applied Economics and Management) College of Human Ecology School of Industrial and Labor Relations Boston College College of Arts and Sciences School of Management School of Education School of Nursing Which school you apply to could also affect your application requirements. For example, the different colleges at Cornell have different standardized test requirements. So what do you do if you want to apply to a university like this- but aren't sure about your future area of study? The answer to this depends on whether the choice is binding or not. When Picking a College or Major Is Binding If it’s easy to switch between schools once you enroll as a student, then don’t worry too much about the choice you make senior year. Just pick the college that is closest to your current interests.For example, at Cornell internal transfers are generally easy, but requirements vary depending on the college. If it’s hard to make an internal transfer, however, you'll need to think carefully and make sure you are choosing the right school before you apply. For example, at Boston College, transfers into some divisions are harder than others. If you decide as an undergraduate to go into the Management College or Nursing School, it’s hard to get in. As a general rule, if a college has a very specific field of study (engineering, nursing, management) and that particular college had extra requirements for undergraduate admission, internally transferring will be harder. How to Figure Out How Binding a School Is How do you find out how binding the choice is? First, search the undergraduate admission site and see whether it offers any guidance or advice for picking an undergraduate school or division. Usually, this will be on the application requirements page. For example, on Boston College's admissions page for its majors and minors, it explains that all applicants must apply to a specific undergraduate division. Further down, it gives more in-depth information about what to do if you're still undecided about what you want to study, or if you're considering an internal transfer. If you can’t find this information on the admissions website, search "[School Name] internal transfers." Most universities with strictly defined undergraduate divisions will have processes and policies for students who have already enrolled and decided they want to switch. If you can’t find any of this information online, look up the contact information for the school's admissions office and either call or send an email. Also, don't be scared to contact admissions officers- they tend to be very friendly and helpful! Once you've figured out whether the choice of an undergraduate division is binding or not, what do you do next? If the Choice Is Binding ... If a university on your list has a binding admission policy to undergraduate divisions, make sure you have other college options that are less strict. You wouldn’t want to get stuck committing to a college or area of study you later decide you’re not interested in. Therefore, I recommend applying to at least two universities that allow you to choose your school and area of study after you get to campus. If the Choice Is Not Binding ... If you’re really not sure which college to apply to and the choice isn't binding, then pick the most general program. Most universities will have a College of Arts and Sciences or a Humanities and Sciences school with the widest variety of majors. The other schools are usually geared toward more specialized for programs such as engineering and nursing. Therefore, don’t apply to a specific area of study like that unless you’re certain it's a career you want to go into Applying to a Specific Major While some schools have you choose an undergraduate division or college when you apply, others go further and want you to apply to a specific major. Sometimes you'll need to apply to a major if you are interested in a particularly competitive or rigorous field of study. This means you have to know even more specifically what you want to study before you get to college. One example is San Diego State University. When you apply, you choose a major and are ranked within the major. You can apply undecided and declare when you get to campus. However, if you want to pursue a specialized subject such as nursing, you have to apply as a high school senior. Another example is Georgetown. While they allow applicants to apply undecided, they recommend that applicants interested in language, literature, math, or the sciences apply in those majors. So what do you do if a college on your list wants you to know your major before you get to campus? Find Out Whether Switching Majors Is Hard Your first step is to find out how hard or easy it is to switch majors. Use the strategies we focused on above: start by browsing the admission website and then search for "[School Name] switching major" on Google. If neither of these methods pans out, feel free to contact the admissions office and ask them directly. As a general rule, if a major has more specific or harder admission requirements (this is often the case with science, math, nursing, and engineering), it will be harder to transfer into. If changing your major isn’t difficult, don’t agonize over the decision. Choose a major that best aligns with your interests and strongest classes. Admissions officers will want to see that you have the academic chops to back up your intended major, so don’t pick biology if you’ve only taken one biology class and did poorly in it! If switching your major is difficult, make sure to choose a major that is related to a career you want and your personal strengths. Also, don't forget to apply to other colleges that allow you to choose your major on campus so you’ll have some choices. Again, the worst-case scenario is being locked into a major you eventually decide you don’t want to study, thereby making you unable to pursue something you're actually interested in! Favorite High School Subjects and Possible Majors There are often dozens, if not hundreds, of majors you can choose from in college, and some are very different from what you study in high school. This can make it hard to choose a major on a college application, regardless of whether you have to just indicate interest or actually apply to a major. If you want to explore college majors because you have to list one for an application but aren’t sure where to start, this list is a jumping-off point based on what you like in high school. Research interesting-looking majors by looking up their department websites at schools you’re interested in. For example, if you want to learn more about sociology, look up "[School Name] department of sociology." Majors are approached differently across universities, so it’s smart to have an idea of the different ways a major can be taught. Here are the various types of majors you can look for in popular fields depending on the subjects you've enjoyed so far in high school: If You Love English/Language Arts English Literature Comparative Literature Creative Writing Philosophy Journalism Communications Foreign Language Studies If You Love Math Accounting Business Computer Science Economics Information Technology Philosophy Mathematics Engineering (any kind) If You Love Science Biology Chemistry Physics Pre-Medicine Studies Environmental or Earth Science Environmental or Biochemical Engineering Geology Nursing Psychology If You Love History/Social Sciences History Anthropology Sociology Psychology Political Science International Relations Foreign Language Studies If You Love Theater/Fine Arts/Music Theater/Performance Studies Film Photography Art Art History Dance Communications Music Performance If You Want to Go Into Medicine Biology Chemistry Organic Chemistry Neuroscience Physics Psychology If You Want to Go Into Law Criminal Justice Economics English Literature History International Relations Philosophy Psychology Political Science Sociology If You Want to Go Into Business Accounting Business Administration Economics Human Resources Management Science Psychology Again, this is just a starting point. Many students explore classes outside their major once they get to college- and many end up in fields they never expected to. Use this list to help you find majors you might like, but don't feel as though you must study something. Should I Choose a Major or Be "Undecided"? Some colleges don’t require you to apply within a major but do give you the option to say what you want to study. This gives you a choice: should you apply undecided, or indicate a potential major? If you're leaning strongly toward an area of study and have the academic experience to back it up, it’s smart to go ahead and indicate that interest. This can help show colleges where to focus on your high school transcript. For example, if you want to study biology and have excellent grades in natural science and math and have even done a little research, put own biology as a prospective major. Doing this will put your experience in context and show how interested you are in the subject. That said, if you’re really not sure and simply want to explore academic subjects in college, there’s nothing wrong with applying undecided. Many universities expect undergraduates to browse a variety of fields and often require them to take classes in all major subjects. Furthermore, switching your major is very common in college- at some colleges, more than half of undergraduates end up switching! Just make sure that on your application, even if you don’t indicate a major, you demonstrate strong intellectual interests and aptitude, either through your essays or extracurricular activities. Final Tip: Apply to Non-Binding Colleges, Too As a final piece of advice, make sure at least a few of the colleges you apply to do not bind you to a major or undergraduate division before you get to campus. Your goal is to have as many options as possible once you get to April of your senior year. One way to do this is to apply to liberal arts schools. If you really have no idea what you want to study, liberal arts colleges can be good choices, as they encourage students to take a wide variety of classes and don’t expect you to enter knowing exactly what you want to study. Many universities also just accept general undergraduate applicants. Make sure as you compile your list of colleges that you do your research and see where they stand on binding versus non-binding school/major choices. To sum up, apply to a wide range of colleges and universities so you’re not stuck choosing between being a chemistry major at one school and an art major at another come April your senior year! What’s Next? The best way to maximize your admissions chances to the college of your dreams is with a high ACT/SAT score. If you're aiming for perfection, check out our expert guides to getting a 1600 on the SAT and a 36 on the ACT- both written by a real full scorer. Looking for an academically relaxed college experience? Find out what the easiest majors for your bachelor's degree are. Didn't get a good score on the ACT/SAT essay? You're not alone. Learn how to improve your essay on a retake with these ACT and SAT-specific essay guides. Not sure of the ACT/SAT score you should be aiming for? See how to set a target SAT score or ACT score based on the schools you want to get into. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Career Action Plan and Self Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Career Action Plan and Self Reflection - Essay Example This essay analyzes and discusses the areas of strength or core competencies of the researcher. Based on that study, the researcher will be developing his CV and a carer action plan. In addition, the researcher also carries out a personal analysis and a gap analysis. Apart from that the researcher also emphasizes on his team working abilities. Finally, the researcher draws a conclusion that is based on the personal analysis. The essay mostly focuses on analysing of the opportunities of self employment in the Informational Technology field of industry. From the essay the researcher have found that Informational Technology industry is one of the booming industries of the world today. The essay also revealed that the IT industry is presently valued at $1,183.3 billion and is expected to reach $1,549.7 billion by 2016. Moreover in USA, the self employment opportunities in this sector have increased substantially recent years. In the previous essay the researcher have found that opportuni ties for graduates in IT sector are very high and can offer a good career. Due to stringent competition, more and more graduates are therefore taking up self employment in Information Technology sector. Now in this context, the researcher states that he needs to enhance his technical skills and needs to a get a technical certification for getting self employed. Therefore on a whole, the researcher believes that self employment in the IT industry can provide good opportunities and can help the researcher to witness growth in his career.